{"id":6066,"date":"2024-04-19T15:18:25","date_gmt":"2024-04-19T07:18:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.killtest.hk\/?p=6066"},"modified":"2024-04-19T15:18:25","modified_gmt":"2024-04-19T07:18:25","slug":"%e5%85%a8%e7%b6%b2%e6%9c%80%e5%85%a8-linux-%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90%ef%bc%8c%e5%bb%ba%e8%ad%b0%e6%94%b6%e8%97%8f%ef%bc%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.killtest.hk\/index.php\/killtest\/%e5%85%a8%e7%b6%b2%e6%9c%80%e5%85%a8-linux-%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90%ef%bc%8c%e5%bb%ba%e8%ad%b0%e6%94%b6%e8%97%8f%ef%bc%81\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5168\u7db2\u6700\u5168 Linux \u6307\u4ee4\u7e3d\u7d50\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u6536\u85cf\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/javaforall.cn\/127878.html<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u7ed9\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u7bc7 Linux<\/a> \u547d\u4ee4\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u5168\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\u70b9\u591a\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u6536\u85cf\u540e\u9605\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n

1.\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

uname -m \u663e\u793a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784
\nuname -r \u663e\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c
\ndmidecode -q \u663e\u793a\u786c\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u90e8\u4ef6
\n(SMBIOS \/ DMI) hdparm -i \/dev\/hda \u7f57\u5217\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u7279\u6027
\nhdparm -tT \/dev\/sda \u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f
\narch \u663e\u793a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784
\nuname -m \u663e\u793a\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784
\nuname -r \u663e\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c
\ndmidecode -q \u663e\u793a\u786c\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u90e8\u4ef6 – (SMBIOS \/ DMI)
\nhdparm -i \/dev\/hda \u7f57\u5217\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u7279\u6027
\nhdparm -tT \/dev\/sda \u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c
\ncat \/proc\/cpuinfo \u663e\u793aCPU info\u7684\u4fe1\u606f
\ncat \/proc\/interrupts \u663e\u793a\u4e2d\u65ad
\ncat \/proc\/meminfo \u6821\u9a8c\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528
\ncat \/proc\/swaps \u663e\u793a\u54ea\u4e9bswap\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528
\ncat \/proc\/version \u663e\u793a\u5185\u6838\u7684\u7248\u672c
\ncat \/proc\/net\/dev \u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u9002\u914d\u5668\u53ca\u7edf\u8ba1
\ncat \/proc\/mounts \u663e\u793a\u5df2\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
\nlspci -tv \u7f57\u5217 PCI \u8bbe\u5907
\nlsusb -tv \u663e\u793a USB \u8bbe\u5907
\ndate \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u671f
\ncal 2007 \u663e\u793a2007\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u5386\u8868
\ndate 041217002007.00 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4 – \u6708\u65e5\u65f6\u5206\u5e74.\u79d2
\nclock -w \u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u4fee\u6539\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230 BIOS<\/p>\n

2.\u5173\u673a
\nshutdown -h now \u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf(1)
\ninit 0 \u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf(2)
\ntelinit 0 \u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf(3)
\nshutdown -h hours:minutes & \u6309\u9884\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf
\nshutdown -c \u53d6\u6d88\u6309\u9884\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf
\nshutdown -r now \u91cd\u542f(1)
\nreboot \u91cd\u542f(2)
\nlogout \u6ce8\u9500<\/p>\n

3.\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55
\ncd \/home \u8fdb\u5165 ‘\/ home’ \u76ee\u5f55’
\ncd .. \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55
\ncd ..\/.. \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e24\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55
\ncd \u8fdb\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55
\ncd ~user1 \u8fdb\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55
\ncd – \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u6b21\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55
\npwd \u663e\u793a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8def\u5f84
\nls \u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6
\nls -F \u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6
\nls -l \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8d44\u6599
\nls -a \u663e\u793a\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6
\nls *[0-9]* \u663e\u793a\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540d
\ntree \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7531\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784(1)
\nlstree \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7531\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784(2)
\nmkdir dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘dir1′ \u7684\u76ee\u5f55’
\nmkdir dir1 dir2 \u540c\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55
\nmkdir -p \/tmp\/dir1\/dir2 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6811
\nrm -f file1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1′ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6’
\nrmdir dir1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘dir1′ \u7684\u76ee\u5f55’
\nrm -rf dir1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘dir1’ \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u5176\u5185\u5bb9
\nrm -rf dir1 dir2 \u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
\nmv dir1 new_dir \u91cd\u547d\u540d\/\u79fb\u52a8 \u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55
\ncp file1 file2 \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6
\ncp dir\/* . \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55
\ncp -a \/tmp\/dir1 . \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55
\ncp -a dir1 dir2 \u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55
\nln -s file1 lnk1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5
\nln file1 lnk1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7269\u7406\u94fe\u63a5
\ntouch -t 0712250000 file1 \u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233 – (YYMMDDhhmm)
\nfile file1 outputs the mime type of the file as text
\niconv -l \u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u7f16\u7801
\niconv -f fromEncoding -t toEncoding inputFile > outputFile creates a new from the given input file by assuming it is encoded in fromEncoding and converting it to toEncoding.
\nfind . -maxdepth 1 -name *.jpg -print -exec convert “{}” -resize 80×60 “thumbs\/{}” \\; batch resize files in the current directory and send them to a thumbnails directory (requires convert from Imagemagick)<\/p>\n

4.\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22
\nfind \/ -name file1 \u4ece ‘\/’ \u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55
\nfind \/ -user user1 \u641c\u7d22\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7528\u6237 ‘user1’ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55
\nfind \/home\/user1 -name \\*.bin \u5728\u76ee\u5f55 ‘\/ home\/user1′ \u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5e26\u6709’.bin’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6
\nfind \/usr\/bin -type f -atime +100 \u641c\u7d22\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb100\u5929\u5185\u672a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6
\nfind \/usr\/bin -type f -mtime -10 \u641c\u7d22\u572810\u5929\u5185\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6
\nfind \/ -name \\*.rpm -exec chmod 755 ‘{}’ \\; \u641c\u7d22\u4ee5 ‘.rpm’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u5176\u6743\u9650
\nfind \/ -xdev -name \\*.rpm \u641c\u7d22\u4ee5 ‘.rpm’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u5149\u9a71\u3001\u6377\u76d8\u7b49\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907
\nlocate \\*.ps \u5bfb\u627e\u4ee5 ‘.ps’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 – \u5148\u8fd0\u884c ‘updatedb’ \u547d\u4ee4
\nwhereis halt \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6e90\u7801\u6216man\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e
\nwhich halt \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n

5.\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
\nmount \/dev\/hda2 \/mnt\/hda2 \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505ahda2\u7684\u76d8 – \u786e\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55 ‘\/ mnt\/hda2’ \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728
\numount \/dev\/hda2 \u5378\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505ahda2\u7684\u76d8 – \u5148\u4ece\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9 ‘\/ mnt\/hda2’ \u9000\u51fa
\nfuser -km \/mnt\/hda2 \u5f53\u8bbe\u5907\u7e41\u5fd9\u65f6\u5f3a\u5236\u5378\u8f7d
\numount -n \/mnt\/hda2 \u8fd0\u884c\u5378\u8f7d\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u4e0d\u5199\u5165 \/etc\/mtab \u6587\u4ef6- \u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u6216\u5f53\u78c1\u76d8\u5199\u6ee1\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528
\nmount \/dev\/fd0 \/mnt\/floppy \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u76d8
\nmount \/dev\/cdrom \/mnt\/cdrom \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2acdrom\u6216dvdrom
\nmount \/dev\/hdc \/mnt\/cdrecorder \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2acdrw\u6216dvdrom
\nmount \/dev\/hdb \/mnt\/cdrecorder \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2acdrw\u6216dvdrom
\nmount -o loop file.iso \/mnt\/cdrom \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216ISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6
\nmount -t vfat \/dev\/hda5 \/mnt\/hda5 \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2aWindows FAT32\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
\nmount \/dev\/sda1 \/mnt\/usbdisk \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2ausb \u6377\u76d8\u6216\u95ea\u5b58\u8bbe\u5907
\nmount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass \/\/WinClient\/share \/mnt\/share \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2awindows\u7f51\u7edc\u5171\u4eab<\/p>\n

6.\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4
\ndf -h \u663e\u793a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u5206\u533a\u5217\u8868
\nls -lSr |more \u4ee5\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5217\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55
\ndu -sh dir1 \u4f30\u7b97\u76ee\u5f55 ‘dir1′ \u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4’
\ndu -sk * | sort -rn \u4ee5\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u4f9d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5927\u5c0f
\nrpm -q -a –qf ‘%10{SIZE}t%{NAME}n’ | sort -k1,1n \u4ee5\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u4f9d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4 (fedora, redhat\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf)
\ndpkg-query -W -f=’${Installed-Size;10}t${Package}n’ | sort -k1,1n \u4ee5\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u663e\u793a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684deb\u5305\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4 (ubuntu, debian\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/p>\n

7.\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7fa4\u7ec4
\ngroupadd group_name \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4
\ngroupdel group_name \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4
\ngroupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4
\nuseradd -c “Name Surname ” -g admin -d \/home\/user1 -s \/bin\/bash user1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u4e8e “admin” \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237
\nuseradd user1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237
\nuserdel -r user1 \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237 ( ‘-r’ \u6392\u9664\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55)
\nusermod -c “User FTP” -g system -d \/ftp\/user1 -s \/bin\/nologin user1 \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5c5e\u6027
\npasswd \u4fee\u6539\u53e3\u4ee4
\npasswd user1 \u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4 (\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8root\u6267\u884c)
\nchage -E 2005-12-31 user1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u5931\u6548\u671f\u9650
\npwck \u68c0\u67e5 ‘\/etc\/passwd’ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7528\u6237
\ngrpck \u68c0\u67e5 ‘\/etc\/passwd’ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4
\nnewgrp group_name \u767b\u9646\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/p>\n

8.\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650
\n– \u4f7f\u7528 \u201c+\u201d \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \u201c-\u201d \u7528\u4e8e\u53d6\u6d88
\nls -lh \u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650
\nls \/tmp | pr -T5 -W$COLUMNS \u5c06\u7ec8\u7aef\u5212\u5206\u62105\u680f\u663e\u793a
\nchmod ugo+rwx directory1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba(u)\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4(g)\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba(o)\u4ee5\u8bfb\uff08r \uff09\u3001\u5199(w)\u548c\u6267\u884c(x)\u7684\u6743\u9650
\nchmod go-rwx directory1 \u5220\u9664\u7fa4\u7ec4(g)\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba(o)\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650
\nchown user1 file1 \u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027
\nchown -R user1 directory1 \u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027
\nchgrp group1 file1 \u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4
\nchown user1:group1 file1 \u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u548c\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027
\nfind \/ -perm -u+s \u7f57\u5217\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86SUID\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6587\u4ef6
\nchmod u+s \/bin\/file1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 SUID \u4f4d – \u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6743\u9650
\nchmod u-s \/bin\/file1 \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 SUID\u4f4d
\nchmod g+s \/home\/public \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684SGID \u4f4d – \u7c7b\u4f3cSUID \uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684
\nchmod g-s \/home\/public \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 SGID \u4f4d
\nchmod o+t \/home\/public \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 STIKY \u4f4d – \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5408\u6cd5\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6
\nchmod o-t \/home\/public \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 STIKY \u4f4d
\nchmod +x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650
\nchmod -x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u5220\u9664\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650
\nchmod u+x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650
\nchmod g+x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650
\nchmod o+x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650
\nchmod ug+x \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650
\nchmod =wx \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u8bfb\u6743\u9650
\nchmod ug=wx \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84 \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u8bfb\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

9.\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027
\n– \u4f7f\u7528 \u201c+\u201d \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \u201c-\u201d \u7528\u4e8e\u53d6\u6d88
\nchattr +a file1 \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u4ee5\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6
\nchattr +c file1 \u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u80fd\u88ab\u5185\u6838\u81ea\u52a8\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b
\nchattr +d file1 \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\uff0cdump\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6
\nchattr +i file1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6216\u8005\u94fe\u63a5
\nchattr +s file1 \u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5220\u9664
\nchattr +S file1 \u4e00\u65e6\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7acb\u523b\u628a\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u5230\u78c1\u76d8
\nchattr +u file1 \u82e5\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u6062\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6587\u4ef6
\nlsattr \u663e\u793a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n

10.\u6253\u5305\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6
\nbunzip2 file1.bz2 \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1.bz2’\u7684\u6587\u4ef6
\nbzip2 file1 \u538b\u7f29\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1’ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6
\ngunzip file1.gz \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1.gz’\u7684\u6587\u4ef6
\ngzip file1 \u538b\u7f29\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1’\u7684\u6587\u4ef6
\ngzip -9 file1 \u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u538b\u7f29
\nrar a file1.rar test_file \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ‘file1.rar’ \u7684\u5305
\nrar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1 \u540c\u65f6\u538b\u7f29 ‘file1’, ‘file2’ \u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55 ‘dir1’
\nrar x file1.rar \u89e3\u538brar\u5305
\nunrar x file1.rar \u89e3\u538brar\u5305
\ntar -cvf archive.tar file1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u538b\u7f29\u7684 tarball
\ntar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e86 ‘file1’, ‘file2’ \u4ee5\u53ca ‘dir1’\u7684\u6863\u6848\u6587\u4ef6
\ntar -tf archive.tar \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
\ntar -xvf archive.tar \u91ca\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305
\ntar -xvf archive.tar -C \/tmp \u5c06\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u91ca\u653e\u5230 \/tmp\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b
\ntar -cvfj archive.tar.bz2 dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2abzip2\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305
\ntar -xvfj archive.tar.bz2 \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2abzip2\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305
\ntar -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2agzip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305
\ntar -xvfz archive.tar.gz \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2agzip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305
\nzip file1.zip file1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305
\nzip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1 \u5c06\u51e0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u65f6\u538b\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305
\nunzip file1.zip \u89e3\u538b\u4e00\u4e2azip\u683c\u5f0f\u538b\u7f29\u5305<\/p>\n

11.RPM \u5305
\n– \uff08Fedora, Redhat\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09
\nrpm -ivh package.rpm \u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305
\nrpm -ivh –nodeeps package.rpm \u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u8b66\u544a
\nrpm -U package.rpm \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u4f46\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6
\nrpm -F package.rpm \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305
\nrpm -e package_name.rpm \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305
\nrpm -qa \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305
\nrpm -qa | grep httpd \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542b “httpd” \u5b57\u6837\u7684rpm\u5305
\nrpm -qi package_name \u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4fe1\u606f
\nrpm -qg “System Environment\/Daemons” \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684rpm\u5305
\nrpm -ql package_name \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868
\nrpm -qc package_name \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868
\nrpm -q package_name –whatrequires \u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u5b58\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5217\u8868
\nrpm -q package_name –whatprovides \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u6240\u5360\u7684\u4f53\u79ef
\nrpm -q package_name –scripts \u663e\u793a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\/\u5220\u9664\u671f\u95f4\u6240\u6267\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672cl
\nrpm -q package_name –changelog \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u5386\u53f2
\nrpm -qf \/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf \u786e\u8ba4\u6240\u7ed9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u54ea\u4e2arpm\u5305\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b
\nrpm -qp package.rpm -l \u663e\u793a\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868
\nrpm –import \/media\/cdrom\/RPM-GPG-KEY \u5bfc\u5165\u516c\u94a5\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66
\nrpm –checksig package.rpm \u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027
\nrpm -qa gpg-pubkey \u786e\u8ba4\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709rpm\u5305\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027
\nrpm -V package_name \u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001 \u8bb8\u53ef\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3001MD5\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4
\nrpm -Va \u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305- \u5c0f\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528
\nrpm -Vp package.rpm \u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u8fd8\u672a\u5b89\u88c5
\nrpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio –extract –make-directories *bin* \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\u8fd0\u884c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6
\nrpm -ivh \/usr\/src\/redhat\/RPMS\/`arch`\/package.rpm \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u6e90\u7801\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u5efa\u597d\u7684\u5305
\nrpmbuild –rebuild package_name.src.rpm \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u6e90\u7801\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a rpm \u5305
\nYUM \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5347\u7ea7\u5668 <\/p>\n

– \uff08Fedora, RedHat\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/p>\n

yum install package_name \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305
\nyum localinstall package_name.rpm \u5c06\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e3a\u4f60\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb
\nyum update package_name.rpm \u66f4\u65b0\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\u7684rpm\u5305
\nyum update package_name \u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305
\nyum remove package_name \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2arpm\u5305
\nyum list \u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5305
\nyum search package_name \u5728rpm\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e2d\u641c\u5bfb\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305
\nyum clean packages \u6e05\u7406rpm\u7f13\u5b58\u5220\u9664\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u5305
\nyum clean headers \u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5934\u6587\u4ef6
\nyum clean all \u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5305\u548c\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

13.DEB \u5305
\n(Debian, Ubuntu \u4ee5\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf)
\ndpkg -i package.deb \u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305
\ndpkg -r package_name \u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305
\ndpkg -l \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684 deb \u5305
\ndpkg -l | grep httpd \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542b “httpd” \u5b57\u6837\u7684deb\u5305
\ndpkg -s package_name \u83b7\u5f97\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5305\u7684\u4fe1\u606f
\ndpkg -L package_name \u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2adeb\u5305\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868
\ndpkg –contents package.deb \u663e\u793a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868
\ndpkg -S \/bin\/ping \u786e\u8ba4\u6240\u7ed9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u54ea\u4e2adeb\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b
\nAPT \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u5177 (Debian, Ubuntu \u4ee5\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7cfb\u7edf)
\napt-get install package_name \u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305
\napt-cdrom install package_name \u4ece\u5149\u76d8\u5b89\u88c5\/\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a deb \u5305
\napt-get update \u5347\u7ea7\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305
\napt-get upgrade \u5347\u7ea7\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6
\napt-get remove package_name \u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2adeb\u5305
\napt-get check \u786e\u8ba4\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93\u6b63\u786e
\napt-get clean \u4ece\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u4e2d\u6e05\u7406\u7f13\u5b58
\napt-cache search searched-package \u8fd4\u56de\u5305\u542b\u6240\u8981\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n

14.\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9
\ncat file1 \u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u5411\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
\ntac file1 \u4ece\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u5411\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
\nmore file1 \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
\nless file1 \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e ‘more’ \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u548c\u6b63\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c
\nhead -2 file1 \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u884c
\ntail -2 file1 \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u884c
\ntail -f \/var\/log\/messages \u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

15.\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406
\ncat file1 file2 … | command <> file1_in.txt_or_file1_out.txt general syntax for text manipulation using PIPE, STDIN and STDOUT
\ncat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc…) > result.txt \u5408\u5e76\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7b80\u4ecb\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d
\ncat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc…) >> result.txt \u5408\u5e76\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7b80\u4ecb\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d
\ngrep Aug \/var\/log\/messages \u5728\u6587\u4ef6 ‘\/var\/log\/messages’\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5173\u952e\u8bcd”Aug”
\ngrep ^Aug \/var\/log\/messages \u5728\u6587\u4ef6 ‘\/var\/log\/messages’\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u4ee5”Aug”\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47
\ngrep [0-9] \/var\/log\/messages \u9009\u62e9 ‘\/var\/log\/messages’ \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u884c
\ngrep Aug -R \/var\/log\/* \u5728\u76ee\u5f55 ‘\/var\/log’ \u53ca\u968f\u540e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32”Aug”
\nsed ‘s\/stringa1\/stringa2\/g’ example.txt \u5c06example.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 “string1” \u66ff\u6362\u6210 “string2”
\nsed ‘\/^$\/d’ example.txt \u4eceexample.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u767d\u884c
\nsed ‘\/ *#\/d; \/^$\/d’ example.txt \u4eceexample.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u91ca\u548c\u7a7a\u767d\u884c
\necho ‘esempio’ | tr ‘[:lower:]’ ‘[:upper:]’ \u5408\u5e76\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5185\u5bb9
\nsed -e ‘1d’ result.txt \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6example.txt \u4e2d\u6392\u9664\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c
\nsed -n ‘\/stringa1\/p’ \u67e5\u770b\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u8bcd\u6c47 “string1″\u7684\u884c
\nsed -e ‘s\/ *$\/\/’ example.txt \u5220\u9664\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26
\nsed -e ‘s\/stringa1\/\/g’ example.txt \u4ece\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u53ea\u5220\u9664\u8bcd\u6c47 “string1” \u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u5269\u4f59\u5168\u90e8
\nsed -n ‘1,5p;5q’ example.txt \u67e5\u770b\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5230\u7b2c5\u884c\u5185\u5bb9
\nsed -n ‘5p;5q’ example.txt \u67e5\u770b\u7b2c5\u884c
\nsed -e ‘s\/00*\/0\/g’ example.txt \u7528\u5355\u4e2a\u96f6\u66ff\u6362\u591a\u4e2a\u96f6
\ncat -n file1 \u6807\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u6570
\ncat example.txt | awk ‘NR%2==1’ \u5220\u9664example.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5076\u6570\u884c
\necho a b c | awk ‘{print $1}’ \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u680f
\necho a b c | awk ‘{print $1,$3}’ \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u680f
\npaste file1 file2 \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e24\u680f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
\npaste -d ‘+’ file1 file2 \u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e24\u680f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7528”+”\u533a\u5206
\nsort file1 file2 \u6392\u5e8f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
\nsort file1 file2 | uniq \u53d6\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5e76\u96c6(\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efd)
\nsort file1 file2 | uniq -u \u5220\u9664\u4ea4\u96c6\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u884c
\nsort file1 file2 | uniq -d \u53d6\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6(\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6)
\ncomm -1 file1 file2 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664 ‘file1’ \u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
\ncomm -2 file1 file2 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664 ‘file2’ \u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
\ncomm -3 file1 file2 \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u6709\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n

16.\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362
\ndos2unix filedos.txt fileunix.txt \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4eceMSDOS\u8f6c\u6362\u6210UNIX
\nunix2dos fileunix.txt filedos.txt \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4eceUNIX\u8f6c\u6362\u6210MSDOS
\nrecode ..HTML < page.txt > page.html \u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u8f6c\u6362\u6210html
\nrecode -l | more \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u683c\u5f0f<\/p>\n

17.\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790
\nbadblocks -v \/dev\/hda1 \u68c0\u67e5\u78c1\u76d8hda1\u4e0a\u7684\u574f\u78c1\u5757
\nfsck \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0alinux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027
\nfsck.ext2 \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext2\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027
\ne2fsck \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext2\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027
\ne2fsck -j \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027
\nfsck.ext3 \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0aext3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027
\nfsck.vfat \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0afat\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027
\nfsck.msdos \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0ados\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027
\ndosfsck \/dev\/hda1 \u4fee\u590d\/\u68c0\u67e5hda1\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0ados\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/p>\n

18.\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
\nmkfs \/dev\/hda1 \u5728hda1\u5206\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
\nmke2fs \/dev\/hda1 \u5728hda1\u5206\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2alinux ext2\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
\nmke2fs -j \/dev\/hda1 \u5728hda1\u5206\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2alinux ext3(\u65e5\u5fd7\u578b)\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
\nmkfs -t vfat 32 -F \/dev\/hda1 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a FAT32 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
\nfdformat -n \/dev\/fd0 \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u76d8
\nmkswap \/dev\/hda3 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aswap\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n

19.SWAP\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
\nmkswap \/dev\/hda3 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aswap\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
\nswapon \/dev\/hda3 \u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684swap\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
\nswapon \/dev\/hda2 \/dev\/hdb3 \u542f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2aswap\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

20.\u5907\u4efd
\ndump -0aj -f \/tmp\/home0.bak \/home \u5236\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a ‘\/home’ \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5907\u4efd
\ndump -1aj -f \/tmp\/home0.bak \/home \u5236\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a ‘\/home’ \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5907\u4efd
\nrestore -if \/tmp\/home0.bak \u8fd8\u539f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5907\u4efd
\nrsync -rogpav –delete \/home \/tmp \u540c\u6b65\u4e24\u8fb9\u7684\u76ee\u5f55
\nrsync -rogpav -e ssh –delete \/home ip_address:\/tmp \u901a\u8fc7SSH\u901a\u9053rsync
\nrsync -az -e ssh –delete ip_addr:\/home\/public \/home\/local \u901a\u8fc7ssh\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55
\nrsync -az -e ssh –delete \/home\/local ip_addr:\/home\/public \u901a\u8fc7ssh\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u5c06\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55
\ndd bs=1M if=\/dev\/hda | gzip | ssh user@ip_addr ‘dd of=hda.gz’ \u901a\u8fc7ssh\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5907\u4efd\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c
\ndd if=\/dev\/sda of=\/tmp\/file1 \u5907\u4efd\u78c1\u76d8\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6
\ntar -Puf backup.tar \/home\/user \u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5bf9 ‘\/home\/user’ \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5907\u4efd\u64cd\u4f5c
\n( cd \/tmp\/local\/ && tar c . ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr ‘cd \/home\/share\/ && tar x -p’ \u901a\u8fc7ssh\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9
\n( tar c \/home ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr ‘cd \/home\/backup-home && tar x -p’ \u901a\u8fc7ssh\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u5730\u76ee\u5f55
\ntar cf – . | (cd \/tmp\/backup ; tar xf – ) \u672c\u5730\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u590d\u5236\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6709\u6743\u9650\u53ca\u94fe\u63a5
\nfind \/home\/user1 -name ‘*.txt’ | xargs cp -av –target-directory=\/home\/backup\/ –parents \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u590d\u5236\u6240\u6709\u4ee5 ‘.txt’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55
\nfind \/var\/log -name ‘*.log’ | tar cv –files-from=- | bzip2 > log.tar.bz2 \u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u4ee5 ‘.log’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u505a\u6210\u4e00\u4e2abzip\u5305
\ndd if=\/dev\/hda of=\/dev\/fd0 bs=512 count=1 \u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06 MBR (Master Boot Record)\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230\u8f6f\u76d8\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c
\ndd if=\/dev\/fd0 of=\/dev\/hda bs=512 count=1 \u4ece\u5df2\u7ecf\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u8f6f\u76d8\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u4e2d\u6062\u590dMBR\u5185\u5bb9
\n\u5149\u76d8<\/p>\n

cdrecord -v gracetime=2 dev=\/dev\/cdrom -eject blank=fast -force \u6e05\u7a7a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u590d\u5199\u7684\u5149\u76d8\u5185\u5bb9
\nmkisofs \/dev\/cdrom > cd.iso \u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5149\u76d8\u7684iso\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6
\nmkisofs \/dev\/cdrom | gzip > cd_iso.gz \u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u4e86\u7684\u5149\u76d8iso\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6
\nmkisofs -J -allow-leading-dots -R -V “Label CD” -iso-level 4 -o .\/cd.iso data_cd \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684iso\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6
\ncdrecord -v dev=\/dev\/cdrom cd.iso \u523b\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2aISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6
\ngzip -dc cd_iso.gz | cdrecord dev=\/dev\/cdrom – \u523b\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u4e86\u7684ISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6
\nmount -o loop cd.iso \/mnt\/iso \u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2aISO\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6
\ncd-paranoia -B \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2aCD\u5149\u76d8\u8f6c\u5f55\u97f3\u8f68\u5230 wav \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d
\ncd-paranoia — “-3” \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2aCD\u5149\u76d8\u8f6c\u5f55\u97f3\u8f68\u5230 wav \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff08\u53c2\u6570-3\uff09
\ncdrecord –scanbus \u626b\u63cf\u603b\u7ebf\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522bscsi\u901a\u9053
\ndd if=\/dev\/hdc | md5sum \u6821\u9a8c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684md5sum\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u5f20 CD<\/p>\n

22.\u7f51\u7edc
\n– \uff08\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u548cWIFI\u65e0\u7ebf\uff09
\nifconfig eth0 \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u914d\u7f6e
\nifup eth0 \u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a ‘eth0’ \u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907
\nifdown eth0 \u7981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a ‘eth0’ \u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907
\nifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 \u63a7\u5236IP\u5730\u5740
\nifconfig eth0 promisc \u8bbe\u7f6e ‘eth0’ \u6210\u6df7\u6742\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u55c5\u63a2\u6570\u636e\u5305 (sniffing)
\ndhclient eth0 \u4ee5dhcp\u6a21\u5f0f\u542f\u7528 ‘eth0’
\nroute -n show routing table
\nroute add -net 0\/0 gw IP_Gateway configura default gateway
\nroute add -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1 configure static route to reach network ‘192.168.0.0\/16’
\nroute del 0\/0 gw IP_gateway remove static route
\necho “1” > \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/ip_forward activate ip routing
\nhostname show hostname of system
\nhost www.example.com lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa(1)
\nnslookup www.example.com lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa(2)
\nip link show show link status of all interfaces
\nmii-tool eth0 show link status of ‘eth0’
\nethtool eth0 show statistics of network card ‘eth0’
\nnetstat -tup show all active network connections and their PID
\nnetstat -tupl show all network services listening on the system and their PID
\ntcpdump tcp port 80 show all HTTP traffic
\niwlist scan show wireless networks
\niwconfig eth1 show configuration of a wireless network card
\nhostname show hostname
\nhost www.example.com lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa
\nnslookup www.example.com lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa
\nwhois www.example.com lookup on Whois database<\/p>\n

23.\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9
\nls -a\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff1b
\nls -l\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b
\nls -R\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u663e\u793a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b
\nls -ld\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u94fe\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b
\nctrl+r\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u641c\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff1b
\nLinux\u4e2d\u4ee5.\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b
\npwd:\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

24.\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

file:\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

25.\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

1\u3001cp\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55 cp\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff09\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\uff1a-r:\u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\uff1b-v\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u65f6\u8981\u5728cp\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a-r\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5982\uff1acp -r \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5939 \u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/p>\n

2\u3001touch+\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff1a\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u5173\u6ce8\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u516c\u53f7\u7ec8\u7801\u4e00\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\/\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8bb0\u5f55\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

touch * \uff1a\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u95f4\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

touch \u2013d 20040210 test\uff1a\u5c06test\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u6539\u4e3a20040210<\/p>\n

touch abc\u3000\uff1a\u82e5abc\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u82e5\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

3\u3001mv \u6587\u4ef6 \u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a\u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1amv [\u53c2\u6570]<\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55> <\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55><\/p>\n

mva.txt ..\/\uff1a\u5c06a.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e0a\u5c42\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

mv a.txt b.txt\uff1a\u5c06a.txt\u6539\u540d\u4e3ab.txt<\/p>\n

mvdir2 ..\/\uff1a\u5c06dir2\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0a\u79fb\u4e00\u5c42<\/p>\n

4\u3001rm\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\uff1a-i\uff1a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f -r\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u5220\u9664\u5305\u62ec\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

5\u3001mkdir +\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff1b<\/p>\n

6\u3001rm -r +\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff08\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u548c\u975e\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u90fd\u53ef\u5220\u9664\uff09<\/p>\n

rmdir \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff08\u53ea\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff09<\/p>\n

7\u3001mkdir -p dir1\/dir2 \uff1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efadir1\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5728dir1\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efadir2\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff08dir1\/\u548cdir1\/dir2\uff09<\/p>\n

8\u3001rmdir \u2013p dir1\/dir2\uff1a\u5220\u9664dir1\u4e0b\u7684dir2\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u82e5dir1\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4e5f\u5220\u9664\u5b83<\/p>\n

9\u3001rm * \uff1a\u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

10\u3001-f\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u5f3a\u8feb\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6 rm \u2013f *.txt\uff1a\u5f3a\u8feb\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u4e3atxt\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

11\u3001-i\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u8be2\u95ee<\/p>\n

rm\u3000\u2013i * \uff1a\u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u63d0\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n

rm:backup:is a directory\u3000\u3000\u3000 \u9047\u5230\u76ee\u5f55\u4f1a\u7565\u8fc7<\/p>\n

rm: remove \u2018myfiles.txt\u2019 ? Y<\/p>\n

\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u4f1a\u8be2\u95ee,\u53ef\u6309Y\u6216N\u952e\u8868\u793a\u5141\u8bb8\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u3000<\/p>\n

12\u3001-r\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\uff08\u8fde\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u540c\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09<\/p>\n

rm -r test \uff1a\u5220\u9664test\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u542btest\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff09<\/p>\n

rm -r *\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff09 \u4e00\u822c\u5728\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6r\u548cf\u4e00\u8d77\u7528\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9ebb\u70e6<\/p>\n

rm -rf test \uff1a\u5f3a\u884c\u5220\u9664\u3001\u4e0d\u52a0\u8be2\u95ee<\/p>\n

13\u3001grep\uff1a\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n

\u683c\u5f0f\uff1agrep[\u53c2\u6570] <\u8981\u627e\u7684\u5b57\u4e32> <\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u5b57 \u4e32\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6><\/p>\n

greplinux test.txt\uff1a\u641c\u7d22test.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32linux\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n

14\u3001ln\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u94fe\u63a5<\/p>\n

\u683c\u5f0f\uff1aln [\u53c2\u6570] <\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55> <\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55><\/p>\n

\u94fe\u63a5\u5206\u201c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u548c\u201c\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u201d<\/p>\n

1.\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5:<\/p>\n

ln\u2013s \/usr\/share\/do doc \uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6doc,\u5e76\u6307\u5411\u76ee\u5f55\/usr\/share\/do<\/p>\n

2.\u786c\u94fe\u63a5:<\/p>\n

ln \/usr\/share\/test hard\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6hard\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5bf9\u4e8etest\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5e94 \u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u57df\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53c8\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5411\u5b83<\/p>\n

26.\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

date:\u67e5\u770b\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u663e\u793a\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a+%Y–%m–%d\uff1b<\/p>\n

date -s:\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

hwclock(clock)\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\u65f6\u95f4(\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650)\uff1b<\/p>\n

cal\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5386<\/p>\n

\u683c\u5f0fcal [\u53c2\u6570] \u6708\u5e74<\/p>\n

cal\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u6708\u7684\u65e5\u5386 cal4 2004 \uff1a\u663e\u793a2004\u5e744\u6708\u7684\u65e5\u5386<\/p>\n

cal- y 2003\uff1a\u663e\u793a2003\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u5386<\/p>\n

uptime\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

echo\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9 \u8ffd\u52a0\u6587\u4ef6echo “liuyazhuang” >> liuyazhuang.txt<\/p>\n

cat\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9,\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a\u683c\u5f0f\uff1acat[\u53c2\u6570]<\u6587\u4ef6\u540d><\/p>\n

cat test.txt\uff1a\u663e\u793atest.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

cat test.txt | more \uff1a\u9010\u9875\u663e\u793atest.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

cat test.txt >> test1.txt \uff1a\u5c06test.txt\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u9644\u52a0\u5230test1.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e<\/p>\n

cat test.txt test2.txt >readme.txt\u3000: \u5c06test.txt\u548ctest2.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u5e76\u6210readme.txt \u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

head:\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5934\u51e0\u884c\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba410\u884c\uff09 -n:\u6307\u5b9a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u884c\u6570\u683c\u5f0f\uff1ahead -n \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

tail\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u51e0\u884c\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba410\u884c\uff09-n\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u884c\u6570 -f\uff1a\u8ffd\u8e2a\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u66f4\u65b0 \uff08\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u663e\u793a\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff09<\/p>\n

\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a\u683c\u5f0f\uff1atail[\u53c2\u6570]<\u6587\u4ef6\u540d><\/p>\n

tail-10 \/etc\/passwd \uff1a\u663e\u793a\/etc\/passwd\/\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5012\u657010\u884c\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

tail+10 \/etc\/passwd \uff1a\u663e\u793a\/etc\/passwd\/\u6587\u4ef6\u4ece\u7b2c10\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u5230\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

more\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u7ffb\u9875\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u4e0b\u7ffb\u9875\uff09<\/p>\n

more\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u8981\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u753b\u9762\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u753b \u9762\u663e\u793a\u65f6\u77ac\u95f4\u5c31\u95ea\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528more\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8ba9\u753b\u9762\u5728\u663e\u793a\u6ee1\u4e00\u9875\u65f6\u6682\u505c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u6309\u7a7a\u683c\u5065\u7ee7\u7eed\u663e\u793a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u753b\u9762\uff0c\u6216\u6309Q\u952e\u505c\u6b62\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

ls -al |more\uff1a\u4ee5\u957f\u683c\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793aetc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6ee1\u4e00\u4e2a\u753b\u9762\u4fbf\u6682\u505c\uff0c\u53ef \u6309\u7a7a\u683c\u952e\u7ee7\u7eed\u663e\u793a\u4e0b\u4e00\u753b\u9762\uff0c\u6216\u6309Q\u952e\u8df3\u79bb<\/p>\n

less\uff1a\u7ffb\u9875\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5e26\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7ffb\u9875\uff09\u6309\u4e0b\u4e0a\u952e\u5206\u9875\uff0c\u6309q\u9000\u51fa\u3001\u2018<\/p>\n

less\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0emore\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6d4f\u89c8\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u9875\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6240\u4e0d\u540c \u7684\u662fless \u547d\u4ee4\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7a7a\u683c\u952e\u5411\u4e0b\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u952e\u6765\u5377\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5f53\u8981\u7ed3\u675f\u6d4f\u89c8\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5728less\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u201c\uff1a\u201d\u4e0b\u6309Q\u952e\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

ls -al | less\uff1a\u4ee5\u957f\u683c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5217\u51fa\/etc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u6309\u4e0a\u4e0b\u952e\u6d4f\u89c8\u6216\u6309Q\u952e\u8df3\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

Ispci\uff1a\u67e5\u770bPCI\u8bbe\u5907 -v\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

Isusb\uff1a\u67e5\u770bUSB\u8bbe\u5907 -v\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

Ismod\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6a21\u5757(\u9a71\u52a8)<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u5173\u673a\u3001\u91cd\u542f<\/p>\n

shutdown\u5173\u95ed\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a<\/p>\n

shutdown[\u5173\u673a\u3001\u91cd\u542f]\u65f6\u95f4 -h\u5173\u95ed\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a -r\uff1a\u91cd\u542f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a<\/p>\n

\u5982\uff1a\u7acb\u5373\u5173\u673a\uff1ashutdown -h now<\/p>\n

10\u5206\u949f\u540e\u5173\u673a\uff1ashutdown -h +10<\/p>\n

23:30\u5206\u5173\u673a\uff1ashutdown -h 23:30<\/p>\n

\u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u542f\uff1ashutdown -r now<\/p>\n

poweroff\uff1a\u7acb\u5373\u5173\u95ed\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a<\/p>\n

reboot\uff1a\u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u542f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u5f52\u6863\u3001\u538b\u7f29<\/p>\n

zip:\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6 zip liuyazhuang.zip myfile \u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a\u201czip \u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684zip\u6587\u4ef6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u201d<\/p>\n

unzip\uff1a\u89e3\u538b\u6587\u4ef6 unzip liuyazhuang.zip<\/p>\n

gzip\uff1a\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6 gzip \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

tar\uff1a\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

tar -cvf out.tar liuyazhuang \u6253\u5305\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f52\u6863\uff08\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6”liuyazhuang”\u6253\u5305\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f52\u6863\uff09<\/p>\n

tar -xvf liuyazhuang.tar \u91ca\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f52\u6863\uff08\u91ca\u653eliuyazhuang.tar\u5f52\u6863\uff09<\/p>\n

tar -cvzf backup.tar.gz\/etc <\/p>\n

-z\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u5f52\u6863\u540e\u7684\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884cgzip\u538b\u7f29\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

-c\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0tar\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

-v\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

-f\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

-z\uff1a\u8c03\u7528gzip\u538b\u7f29\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29<\/p>\n

-t\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

-x\uff1a\u89e3\u5f00tar\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

tar -cvf test.tar *\uff1a\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5305\u6210test.tar,\u6269\u5c55\u540d.tar\u9700\u81ea\u884c\u52a0\u4e0a<\/p>\n

tar -zcvf test.tar.gz *\uff1a\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5305\u6210test.tar,\u518d\u7528gzip\u547d\u4ee4\u538b\u7f29<\/p>\n

tar -tf test.tar \uff1a\u67e5\u770btest.tar\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

tar -xvf test.tar \u5c06test.tar\u89e3\u5f00<\/p>\n

tar -zxvf foo.tar.gz \u89e3\u538b\u7f29<\/p>\n

gzip\u5404gunzip\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

gziptest.txt \uff1a\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

gizp\u2013l test.txt.gz\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u538b\u7f29\u7387<\/p>\n

6\u3001\u67e5\u627e<\/p>\n

locate\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff1alocate keyword<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6bcf\u5929\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u53ef\u7528updatedb\u547d\u4ee4\u624b\u5de5\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u5173\u6ce8\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u516c\u53f7\u7ec8\u7801\u4e00\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

find\u67e5\u627e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u67e5\u627e\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

find . -name *liuyazhuang* \u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u542b\u6709”liuyazhuang”\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

find \/ -name *.conf \u67e5\u627e\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff08\u6574\u4e2a\u786c\u76d8\uff09\u4e0b\u540e\u7f00\u4e3a.conf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

find \/ -perm 777 \u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u6743\u9650\u662f777\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

find \/ -type d \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

find . -name “a*”-exec ls -l {} \\;<\/p>\n

find\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u7528\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u683c\u5f0f\uff1afind [<\u8def\u5f84>] [\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6]<\/p>\n

find \/ -name httpd.conf \u641c\u7d22\u7cfb\u7edf\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u540d\u4e3ahttpd.conf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

7\u3001ctrl+c :\u7ec8\u6b62\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

8\u3001who\u6216w\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55<\/p>\n

\u683c\u5f0f\uff1awho\/w[\u53c2\u6570]<\/p>\n

9\u3001dmesg\u547d\u4ee4 \u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bca\u65ad\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

10\u3001df\u547d\u4ee4 \u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u7684\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n

11\u3001du\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5404\u7ea7\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u6570<\/p>\n

\u683c\u5f0f\uff1adu [\u53c2\u6570] <\u76ee\u5f55\u540d><\/p>\n

12\u3001free\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/javaforall.cn\/127878.html \u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u7ed9\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u7bc7 Lin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[3499],"class_list":["post-6066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-killtest","tag-117-201linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.killtest.hk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6066","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.killtest.hk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.killtest.hk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.killtest.hk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.killtest.hk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6066"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.killtest.hk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6066\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6067,"href":"https:\/\/www.killtest.hk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6066\/revisions\/6067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.killtest.hk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.killtest.hk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.killtest.hk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}